RESEARCH PAPER
Evaluation of the effectiveness of iron phosphate and the parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita in reducing plant damage caused by the slug Arion vulgaris Moquin-Tandon, 1885
 
More details
Hide details
1
Department of Zoology, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
 
2
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
 
 
Submission date: 2014-07-07
 
 
Final revision date: 2014-10-20
 
 
Acceptance date: 2014-10-27
 
 
Publication date: 2014-11-17
 
 
Folia Malacol. 2014;22(4):293-300
 
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Arion vulgaris is one of the most important slug pests of crop plants, and is extremely hard to control. We assessed the effectiveness of a slug pellets containing iron phosphate, compared with methiocarb- and metaldehyde-based molluscicides, and of the parasitic nematode P. hermaphrodita contained in the commercial bioproduct Nemaslug. The effect of various doses of these substances and the nematode in reducing slug damage to Chinese cabbage plants was evaluated in laboratory experiments. A reduction in slug numbers and plant damage was obtained following application of the molluscicides, and a reduction in plant damage following application of P. hermaphrodita (immersion of plant roots in the nematode-containing liquid). The results are of great practical significance, because they show that it is possible to reduce the recommended dose of iron phosphate (5 g/m2) by one half. Another important finding is that application of the nematode in the form of root immersion is more effective than spraying. The study demonstrates the usefulness of the nematode and of the iron phosphate molluscicide in protecting plants from A. vulgaris; this is of particular importance for crops on which the application of traditional molluscicides is not possible.
 
REFERENCES (35)
1.
Clark A. M. 1993. Hey’s Mineral Index. Chapman and Hall, London.
 
2.
Ester A., Geelen P. M. T. M. 1996. Integrated control of slugs in a sugar beet crop growing in a rye cover crop. In: Henderson I. F. (ed.). Slug and snail pests in agriculture. British Crop Protection Council (BCPC) Symposium Proceedings 66, Farnham, UK, pp. 445–450.
 
3.
Ester A., Huiting H. F., Molendijk L. P. G., Vlaswinkel M. E. T. 2003a. The rhabditid nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita Schneider as a potential biological agent to control field slugs Deroceras reticulatum (Müller) in Brussels sprouts. In: Dussart G. B. J. (ed.). Slugs and snails, agricultural, veterinary and environmental perspectives. British Crop Protection Council (BCPC) Symposium Proceedings 80, Thornton Heath, UK, pp. 313–318.
 
4.
Ester A., Rozen K. van, Molendijk L. P. G. 2003b. Field experiments using the rhabditid nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita or salt as control measures against slugs in green asparagus. Crop Prot. 22: 689–695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S026....
 
5.
Fletcher M. R., Hunter K., Barnet E. A. 1994. Pesticide poisoning of animals. Ministry of Agriculture Fishing and Food (MAFF) Publications, London, UK.
 
6.
Frank T. 1998. Slug damage and numbers of the slug pests, Arion lusitanicus and Deroceras reticulatum in oilseed rape grown beside sown wildflower strips. Agric. Ecos. Env. 67: 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S016....
 
7.
Glen D. M., Moens R. 2002. Agriolimacidae, Arionidae and Milacidae as pests in west European cereals. In: Barker G. M. (ed.). Molluscs as crop pest. Landc. Res. Hamilton New Zealand. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 271–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780....
 
8.
Glen D. M., Wilson M. J., Hughes L., Cargeeg P., Haijar A. 1996. Exploring and exploiting the potential of the rhabditid nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita as a biocontrol agent for slugs. In: Henderson I. F. (ed.). Slug and snail pests in agriculture. British Crop Protection Council (BCPC) Symposium Proceedings 66, Farnham, pp. 271–280.
 
9.
Glen D. M., Wiltshire C. W., Hughes L., Ester A., Rozen K. van, Castillejo J., Iglesias J., Speiser B., Coupland J., Gwynn R. 2000. The use of slug- ­parasitic nematodes and other techniques for control of slug and snail damage in horticultural crops. Brighton Crop Protection Conference (BCPC) Pest and Diseases, Brighton, UK, pp. 345–350.
 
10.
Godan D. 1979. Schadschnecken und ihre Bekämpfung. Ulmer: Stuttgart.
 
11.
Grewal S. K., Grewal P. S., Hammond R. B. 2003. Susceptibility of north American native and non-­native slugs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) to Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Nematoda: Rhabditidae). Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 13: 119–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0958....
 
12.
Grimm B. 2001. Life-cycle and population density of the pest slug Arion lusitanicus, Mabille (Mollusca: Pulmonata) on grassland in Central Europe. Malacologia 43: 25–32.
 
13.
Grimm B. 2002. Effect of the nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita on young stages of the pest slug Arion lusitanicus J. Mollus. Stud. 68: 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/moll....
 
14.
Henderson I. F., Triebskorn R. 2002. Chemical control of terrestrial gastropods. In: Barker G. M. (ed.). Molluscs as crop pests. Landc. Res. Hamilton New Zealand. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780....
 
15.
Iglesias J., Castillejo J., Castro R. 2001a. Mini-plot field experiments on slug control using biological and chemical control agents. Ann. Appl. Biol. 139: 285–292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.17....
 
16.
Iglesias J., Castillejo J., Castro R. 2001b. Field test using the nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita for biocontrol of slugs in Spain. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 11: 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0958....
 
17.
Iglesias J., Castillejo J., Castro R. 2003. The effect of repeated applications of the molluscicide metaldehyde and biocontrol nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita on molluscs, earthworms, nematodes, acarids and collembolans: a two-year study in North Spain. Pest Manag. Sci. 59: 1217–1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.7....
 
18.
Iglesias J., Speiser B. 2001. Consumption rate and susceptibility to parasitic nematodes and chemical molluscicides of the pest slugs Arion hortensis s.s. and A. distinctus. J. Pestic. Sci. 74: 159–166.
 
19.
Koch R., Jäckel B., Plate H. P. 2000. Prüfung der Effektivität neuer Bekämpfungsmethoden gegen phytophage Nacktschnecken. Gesunde Pflanz. 52: 1–10.
 
20.
Kozłowski J. 2007. The distribution, biology, population dynamics and harmfulness of Arion lusitanicus Mabille, 1868 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Arionidae) in Poland. J. Plant Protection Res. 47: 219–230.
 
21.
Kozłowski J. 2012. The significance of alien and invasive slug species for plant communities in agrocenoses. J. Plant Protection Res. 52: 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v100....
 
22.
Moens R., Glen D. M. 2002. Agriolimacidae, Arionidae and Milacidae as pests in west European oilseed rape. In: Barker G. M. (ed.). Molluscs as crop pests. Landc. Res. Hamilton New Zealand. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 425–439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780....
 
23.
Peters A., Susurluk A., Ehlers R. U. 2002. Field peresistence of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. COST 850 2nd WG4 meeting Nematode Ecology and Molecular Techniques. Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Tenerife, Spain.
 
24.
Port G., Ester A. 2002. Gastropods as pests in vegetable and ornamental crops in western Europe. In: Barker G. M. (ed.). Molluscs as crop pests. Landc. Res. Hamilton New Zealand. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 337–351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780....
 
25.
Purves G., Bannon J. W. 1992. Non-target effects of repeated methiocarb slug pellet application on carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) activity in winter-sown cereals. Ann. Appl. Biol. 121: 215–223.
 
26.
Rae R. G., Robertson J. F., Wilson M. J. 2006. The chemotactic response of Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) to cues of Deroceras reticulatum. Nematology 8: 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568....
 
27.
Rae R. G., Robertson J. F., Wilson M. J. 2009. Optimization of biological (Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita) and chemical (iron phosphate and metaldehyde) slug control. Crop Prot. 28: 765–773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cr....
 
28.
South A. 1992. Terrestrial slugs: biology, ecology and control. Chapman and Hall, London. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-....
 
29.
Speiser B., Kistler C. 2002. Field test with a molluscicide containing iron phosphate. Crop Prot. 21: 389–394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S026....
 
30.
Speiser B., Zaller J. G., Newdecker A. 2001. Size-specific susceptibility of the pest slugs Deroceras reticulatum and Arion lusitanicus to the nematode biocontrol agent Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. BioControl 46: 311–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:10....
 
31.
Welter-Schultes F. 2012. European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification. Planet Poster Edition, Göttingen.
 
32.
Wilson M. J., Glen D. M., George S. K. 1993. The rhabditid nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita as a potential biological control agent for slugs. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 3: 503–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0958....
 
33.
Wilson M. J., Glen D. M., Wiltshire C. W., George S. K. 1994. Mini-plot field experiments using the rhabditid nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita for biocontrol of slugs. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 4: 103–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0958....
 
34.
Wilson M. J., Hughes L. A., Hamacher G. M., Glen D. M. 2000. Effects of Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita on non-target molluscs. Pest Manag. Sci. 56: 711–716. http://­dx.doi.org/10.1002/152....
 
35.
Wilson M. J., Hughes L. A., Jefferies D., Glen D. M. 1999. Slugs (Deroceras reticulatum and Arion ater agg.) avoid soil treated with the rhabditid nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. Biol. Control 16: 170–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bcon....
 
 
CITATIONS (6):
1.
Pathogenicity of wild and commercial Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita exposed to the pestiferous slug Deroceras invadens
James Cutler, Robbie Rae
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
 
2.
Assessment of the effects of orally administered ferrous sulfate on Oncopeltus fasciatus (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae)
Amparo Ferrero, Amparo Torreblanca, María Garcerá
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
 
3.
Developing ecologically based pest management programs for terrestrial molluscs in field and forage crops
Gall Le, John Tooker
Journal of Pest Science
 
4.
Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences
Mark Williamson, Catherine Jones, Leslie Noble
 
5.
Reducing the Application Rate of Molluscicide Pellets for the Invasive Spanish Slug, Arion vulgaris
Mantas Adomaitis, Grita Skujienė, Paulius Račinskas
Insects
 
6.
First record of Arion vulgaris Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (Arionidae) from Armenia
Meri Arzumanyan, Gohar Zhamakochyan, Hasmik Torosyan, Arevik Ghrmajyan, Marine Arakelyan, Siranush Nanagulyan, Lusine Margaryan, Sargis Aghayan, Robert Davis, Ágnes Turóci
Biodiversity Data Journal
 
eISSN:2300-7125
ISSN:1506-7629
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top