Petar S. Pavlović was a prominent Serbian malacologist who described numerous fossil and extant mollusc taxa (e.g., Pavlović 1912, 1927, 1931). As is common in taxonomic works, some of the names he introduced later proved to be either primary or secondary homonyms of previously established names. Planorbis fragilis Pavlović, 1903 is a fossil freshwater gastropod described from Gušterica in Kosovo and Metohija (Pavlović 1903). The species was subsequently transferred to the genus Gyraulus by Wenz (1923 in 1923–1930). This taxon represents a junior primary homonym of Planorbis fragilis Dunker, 1850. Similarly, Planorbis verticilloides Pavlović, 1931 – later transferred to Gyraulus by Neubauer et al. (2020) – is a junior primary homonym of P. verticilloides Serres, 1851. This species was described from Mađere near the city of Niš (Pavlović 1931). Finally, Micromelania subulata Pavlović, 1927, described from the settlement of Vrčin near Belgrade (Pavlović 1927), is a junior primary homonym of M. subulata Westerlund, 1902. To date, none of these three homonyms have been replaced, and no suitable available synonym appears to exist. According to International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) Article 60, junior homonyms must be replaced when no available synonyms are present. Furthermore, none of the three taxa fulfils the conditions required for the Reversal of Precedence under ICZN Article 23.9. Consequently, in the present work we propose three new replacement names for these homonymous taxa.
The type material of the mentioned taxa was examined in the Museum of Natural History in Belgrade (NHMBEO). Shells were photographed using a Nikon SMZ800N stereomicroscope equipped with a Nikon DS-Fi2 camera. Scale bars were set using a Nikon DS-L3 control unit.
Gyraulus lacertula Gojšina et Vujić, nom. nov.
Figs 1–3
Shells of newly named species: 1 – Gyraulus lacertula Gojšina et Vujić, nom. nov. (syntype of G. fragilis (NHMBEO 1310)); 2 – Gyraulus explanorbis Gojšina et Vujić, nom. nov. (lectotype of G. verticilloides (NHMBEO 7198)); 3 – Micromelania megalomania Gojšina et Vujić, nom. nov. (holotype of M. subulata (NHMBEO 1267)). Scale bars 1 mm
Planorbis fragilis Pavlović, 1903: 168–169, pl. 3, figs 26–28 [non Dunker, 1850 in Küster et al. (1841–1886)].
Planorbis fragilis – Pavlović (1911): 591, figs 26–28.
Gyraulus (?Gyraulus) fragilis – Wenz (1923 in 1923–1930): 1553.
Gyraulus (Gyraulus) fragilis – Neubauer et al. (2014): supplementary file.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0CEC5C77-ACB0-44E4-8B5F-75E6ABD17C7A
Type locality: Gušterica (Kosovo and Metohija, Serbia).
Type material examined: syntype (NHMBEO 1310) (Fig. 1).
Etymology: This species is named after its type locality, Gušterica. In Serbian, “gušter” means “lizard” and the species name is to be used in diminutive form and as a noun in apposition.
Remarks: The oldest senior homonym of Planorbis fragilis Pavlović, 1903 is P. fragilis Dunker, 1850 but several other senior homonyms also exist (whose replacement names are already given or they were unnecessary due to the synonymy): P. fragilis E. A. Smith, 1883 (currently a junior synonym of Gyraulus gilberti (Dunker, 1848) (Brown 2001), P. fragilis Meek & Hayden, 1857 (replacement name already provided by Meek & Hayden (1860) as Planorbis planoconvexus Meek & Hayden, 1860) and P. fragilis Tate, 1896 (currently a junior synonym of Gyraulus essingtonensis (E. A. Smith, 1882) (Brown 2001).
Gyraulus explanorbis Gojšina et Vujić, nom. nov.
Planorbis verticilloides Pavlović, 1931: 18, pl. 10, figs 8–10 [non Serres 1851].
Planorbis verticiloides [sic] – Milošević (1962): 27.
Planorbis verticilloides – Neubauer et al. (2014): supplementary file.
Gyraulus verticilloides – Neubauer et al. (2020): 554–556, figs 12I–L.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0EFE198E-37FC-4586-9EFC-E30299A9292C
Type locality: Mađere (near the city of Niš, Serbia).
Type material examined: lectotype (NHMBEO 7198) (Fig. 2).
Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the fact that this species was previously known (and originally described) under the genus Planorbis O. F. Müller, 1773.
Remarks: The lectotype of this species was designated by Neubauer et al. (2020).
Micromelania megalomania Gojšina et Vujić, nom. nov.
Micromelania subulata Pavlović, 1927: 96–97, pl. 13, figs 25–26 [non Westerlund 1902].
Micromelania subulata – Pavlović (1928): 55, pl. XIII, figs 25–26; Neubauer et al. (2014): supplementary file.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4E618E75-8545-4916-A0B1-335CC3036CB8
Type locality: Vrčin, Karagača (Belgrade, Serbia).
Type material examined: holotype (NHMBEO 1267) (Fig. 3).
Etymology: This species shows the proportionally highest shell among the all figured specimens in the work of Pavlović (1927), hence the specific epithet. The name was also inspired by the fact that it rhymes and contradicts with the name of the genus.
